Cristina Carvalho leads investigation on biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of toxicity involving among others the thioredoxin system. The applications span from metals toxicity (mercury) to disease therapy (for instance, cancer). Her focus is on identifying mechanism-based molecular targets to understand toxicity development and/or to purpose therapeutic intervention, using relevant in vitro models, human biological samples, and molecular and cell biology approaches. The research aims at contributing to Human and Environmental Risk Assessment and includes the exposure assessment of populations at risk.